Everything about The Darling River totally explained
The
Darling River is the longest river in
Australia, flowing 2,739 km from northern
New South Wales to its confluence with the
Murray River at
Wentworth, New South Wales. (Some geographers treat the Darling and the lower Murray as a single river, 3,000km long. This is largely a matter of semantics). Officially the Darling begins near
Brewarrina at the confluence of the
Culgoa and
Barwon rivers, streams which rise in the ranges of southern
Queensland. The whole
Murray-Darling river system, one of the largest in the world, drains all of New South Wales west of the
Great Dividing Range, much of northern
Victoria and southern
Queensland and parts of
South Australia.
The Queensland headwaters of the Darling (the area now known as the
Darling Downs) were gradually colonised from
1815 onward. In
1828 the explorer
Charles Sturt was sent by the Governor of New South Wales,
Sir Ralph Darling, to investigate the course of the
Macquarie River. He discovered the
Bogan and then, early in
1829, the upper Darling, which he named after the Governor. In
1835 Major
Thomas Mitchell travelled the whole length of the Darling, confirming Sturt's earlier discovery that it was a tributary of the Murray.
Although its flow is extraordinarily irregular (the river dried up on no fewer than
forty-five occasions between 1885 and 1960), in the later
19th century the Darling became a major transportation route, the
pastoralists of western New South Wales using it to send their wool by shallow-draft
paddle steamer from busy river ports such as
Bourke and
Wilcannia to the South Australian railheads at
Morgan and
Murray Bridge. But over the past century the river's importance as a transportation route has declined. In this period the Australian poet
Henry Lawson wrote a well-known ironic tribute to the
Darling River
.
Today the Darling is in poor health, suffering from overuse of its waters,
pollution from
pesticide runoff and prolonged
drought. In some years it barely flows at all. The river has a high salt content and declining water quality. To quote another
Henry Lawson poem:
The skies are brass and the plains are bare,
Death and ruin are everywhere;
And all that's left of the last year's flood
Is a sickly stream on the grey-black mud;
The salt-springs bubble and the quagmires quiver,
And this is the dirge of the Darling River.Further Information
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